Primary textDaf 17a (דַּף י״ז ע״א)

Daf 17a (דַּף י״ז ע״א)

Rabbi Yehudah opened: p5-35(Proverbs 30) “Under three things the earth trembles…” (רִבִּי יְהוּדָה פָּתַח: תַּחַת שָׁלוֹשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ וְגוֹ'). “Under a slave when he reigns”-(תַּחַת עֶבֶד כִּי יִמְלוֹךְ) for it is taught (דְּתַנְיָא): there is no nation more disgusting, light, and despised before Kudsha Berikh Hu (לֵית לָךְ אוּמָא מְכִיכָא וּקְלִילָא וְנִבְזֵית קָמֵי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא) like the Egyptians (כְּוָותַיְיהוּ דְּמִצְרָאֵי). And Kudsha Berikh Hu gave them dominion on account of Yisrael (וְיָהִיב לוֹן קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא שֻׁלְטָנוּתָא בְּגִינַיְיהוּ דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל). “And a maidservant when she inherits her mistress”-this is Hagar (וְשִׁפְחָה כִּי תִירַשׁ גְּבִירְתָּהּ – דָּא הָגָר), who bore Yishma‘el (דְּאוֹלִידַת לְיִשְׁמָעֵאל), who caused many evils to Yisrael (שֶׁעָשָׂה כַּמָּה רָעוֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל), and ruled over them (וְשָׁלַט בָּהֶם), and afflicted them with all kinds of afflictions (וְעִינָּה אוֹתָם בְּכָל מִינֵי עִנּוּיִין), and decreed upon them many destructions (וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶם כַּמָּה שְׁמָדוֹת). And until today they rule over them (וְעַד הַיּוֹם הֵם שׁוֹלְטִים עֲלֵיהֶם), and do not allow them to stand in their faith (וְאֵינָם מַנִּיחִים לָהֶם לַעֲמוֹד בְּדָתָם). And there is no exile more difficult for Yisrael than the exile of Yishma‘el (וְאֵין לָךְ גָּלוּת קָשָׁה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמוֹ גָּלוּת יִשְׁמָעֵאל).

Rabbi Yehoshua was going up to Yerushalayim (רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ הֲוָה סְלִיק לִירוּשָׁלַ‍יִם), and was walking on the road (וַהֲוָה אָזִיל בְּאוֹרְחָא). He saw a certain Arab (חָמָא חַד עַרְבָּאָה) who was walking on the road (דְּהֲוָה אָזִיל בְּאוֹרְחָא), and his son was with him (וּבְרֵיהּ עִמֵּיהּ). They encountered a certain Jew (פָּגְעוּ בְּיוּדָאִי חַד).

He said to his son: this Jew is loathsome (אָמַר לִבְרֵיהּ: הַאי יוּדָאִי גָּעֲלָא), his Master abhors him (דְּמָאִיס בֵּיהּ מָרֵיהּ). Spit on him, and spit into his beard seven times (נְווֹל לֵיהּ, וְרָקִיק לֵיהּ בְּדִיקְנֵיהּ ז' זִמְנִין), for he is of the seed of the High Ones (דְּאִיהוּ מִזַּרְעָא דְּרָאמִין).

For I know that they subjugate seventy nations (דַּאֲנָא יָדַעְנָא דִּמְשַׁעְבְּדַן בְּהוּ שִׁבְעִין עֲמָמִין). His son went and grabbed him by the beard (אָזִיל בְּרֵיהּ וְאַחִיד בְּדִיקְנֵיהּ). Rabbi Yehoshua said: exalted ones! exalted ones!p5-36 I decree upon the supernal ones that they should be brought down below (אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: רָאמִין רָאמִין, גּוֹזַרְנָא עַל עִלָּאִין דְּיֶחְתוּן לְתַתָּא). Before he could finish, they were swallowed in their place (עַד לָא סִיֵּים אִתְבְּלָעוּ בְּאַתְרֵיהוֹן).p5-37

Rabbi Yitzḥak opened: (Song of Songs 2) “Until the day breathes and the shadows flee away…” (רִבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח, עַד שֶׁיָּפוּחַ הַיּוֹם וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים וְגוֹ'). “Until the day breathes”-this verse is spoken concerning the exile of Yisrael (עַד שֶׁיָּפוּחַ הַיּוֹם – הַאי קְרָא עַל גָּלוּתָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אִתְּמַר), that they would be subjugated in exile (דְּאִינּוּן יִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּן בְּגָלוּתָא) until that day of the dominion of the nations is complete (עַד דְּיִסְתַּיֵּים הַהוּא יוֹמָא דְּשֻׁלְטָנוּתָא דְּאוּמִין). For it is taught: Rabbi Yitzḥak said (דִּתְנָן: אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק), a thousand years is the dominion of all the nations together over Yisrael (אֶלֶף שְׁנִין הוּא שֻׁלְטָנוּתָא דְּכָל אוּמִין כַּחֲדָא עֲלַיְיהוּ דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל). And there is no nation that does not enslave them (וְלֵית לָךְ אוּמָא דְּלָא יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד בְּהוֹן). And one day corresponds to it, as it is written (Zechariah 14) “And it shall be one day which is known to Hashem…” (וְיוֹמָא חֲדָא הוּא לָקֳבְלֵיה דִּכְתִּיב: וְהָיָה יוֹם אֶחָד הוּא יִוָּדַע לַיי וְגוֹ').

Another matter: “Until the day breathes”-before that day of the nations breathes (דָּבָר אַחֵר, עַד שֶׁיָּפוּחַ הַיּוֹם – קֹדֶם דְּיָפוּחַ הַהוּא יוֹמָא דְּאוּמִין). “And the shadows flee”-these are the rulers who ruled over them (וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים – אִינּוּן שׁוּלְטָנִין דְּשַׁלְטוּ עֲלַיְיהוּ). “I will go to the mountain of myrrh”-Kudsha Berikh Hu said (אֵלֵךְ לִי אֶל הַר הַמּוֹר – אָמַר קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא), “I will go for Myself, to shake off the nations from Yerushalayim, which is the Mountain of Myrrh” (אֵלֵךְ לִי – לְנַעְרָא הָאוּמוֹת מִירוּשָׁלַ‍יִם דְּהוּא הַר הַמּוֹר), as it is written: “In the mountain of Moriah, which is in Yerushalayim” (כְּמָה דִּכְתִּיב: בְּהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה אֲשֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלַ‍יִם). “And to the hill of frankincense”-this is the Temple in Zion (וְאֶל גִּבְעַת הַלְּבוֹנָה – דָּא בֵּי מַקְדְּשָׁא דִּי בְּצִיּוֹן), as it is written in it (Psalms 48) “Beautiful in elevation, the joy of the whole earth is Mount Zion…” (דִּכְתִּיב בֵּיהּ: יְפֵה נוֹף מְשׂוֹשׂ כָּל הָאָרֶץ הַר צִיּוֹן וְגוֹ'). (Rabbi Yehudah said:) As it is written (Job 38) “To grasp the ends of the earth and shake the wicked out of it” (אָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה: כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אָמֵר: לֶאֱחוֹז בְּכַנְפוֹת הָאָרֶץ וְיִנָּעֲרוּ רְשָׁעִים מִמֶּנָּה). Like one who grasps a cloak to shake the filth from it (כְּהַאי דְּאָחִיד בְּטַלִּית לְנַעֲרָא טִנּוּפָא מִנָּהּ).

Rabbi Yosei said: In the future Kudsha Berikh Hu will be revealed in the lower Yerushalayim (אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי: עָתִיד קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְאִתְגַּלְיָיא בִּירוּשָׁלַ‍יִם דִּלְתַּתָּא), and purify it from the filth of the nations (וּלְדַכְּאָה יָתָהּ מִטִּנּוּפֵי עֲמַמְיָא), before the completion of that day of the nations (עַד דְּלָא אִשְׁתְּלִים הַהוּא יוֹמָא דְּאוּמִין). For Rabbi Ḥiyya said (דְּאָמַר רִבִּי חִיָּיא): the nations have no dominion over Yisrael except for one single day (לֵית שֻׁלְטָנוּ לְאוּמִין עֲלַיְיהוּ דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא יוֹמָא חֲדָא לְחוֹד), which is the day of the Holy One Blessed Be He (דְּהוּא יוֹמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא), and it is a thousand years (וְהוּא אֶלֶף שָׁנִים). This is what is written (Lamentations 1) “He has made me desolate and faint all the day” (הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִּיב: נְתָנַי שׁוֹמֵמָה כָּל הַיּוֹם דָּוָה). One day alone, and no more (יוֹמָא חַד לְחוּד וְלָא יַתִּיר).

Rabbi Yosei said: If they are enslaved beyond the measure (אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי, אִי יַתִּיר יִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּן), it is not by the decree of the King’s mouth (לָא עַל פּוּם גִּזְרַת מַלְכָּא הוּא), but because they do not desire to return to Him (אֶלָּא עַל דְּלָא בַּעְיָין לְמֵיְהַדָּר לָקֳבְלֵיהּ). And it is written (Deuteronomy 30) “And it shall be, when all these things come upon you…” (וּכְתִיב: וְהָיָה כִּי יָבוֹאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וְגוֹ'). And it is written (Deuteronomy 30) “If your outcasts be at the ends of the heavens, from there will He gather you…” (וּכְתִיב: אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲךָ בִּקְצֵה הַשָּׁמַיִם מִשָּׁם יְקַבֶּצְךָ וְגוֹ'). (Exodus 1) “And he said to his people: Behold, the people of the children of Yisrael…” (וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל עַמּוֹ: הִנֵּה עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל).

Rabbi Shim‘on said: Come and see (אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: תָּא חֲזֵי), for in all appearances, it was the angelic ruler appointed over Egypt (דְּהָא עַל כָּל פָּנִים מַלְאָכָא שִׁלְטוֹנָא דִּמְמָנָא עַל מִצְרָאֵי הֲוָה), and so it is (וְהָכִי הוּא). For the majority of explanations do not say it explicitly, but rather: “the king of Egypt”-plainly (דְּרוּבָּא דְּפַרְשְׁתָּא לָא אִתְּמַר אֶלָּא מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם סְתָם), and that refers to the great appointee over Egypt (וְהַיְינוּ מְמָנָא רַבְרְבָא עַל מִצְרָאֵי). But when it says: “Pharaoh, king of Egypt”-this refers to Pharaoh himself (פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם – פַּרְעֹה מַמָּשׁ).

Rabbi Shim‘on said: Therefore it is written (Bereshit 34) “And he said…” (אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: לְפִיכָךְ כְּתִיב: וַיֹּאמֶר), that is to say, I will insert this matter into their hearts (כְּלוֹמַר: אַכְנִיס בְּלִבְּהוֹן מִלְּתָא דָּא), as you say (II Samuel 16) “For Hashem said to him: Curse David” (כְּמָה דְּאַתְּ אָמֵר: כִּי יי אָמַר לוֹ קַלֵּל אֶת דָּוִד) a matter of heart-intention alone (מַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַלֵּב בִּלְבַד). Likewise (Esther 6) “And Haman said in his heart” (וְכֵן: וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן בְּלִבּוֹ), and likewise (Bereshit 17) “And he said in his heart: Shall a child be born to a man of a hundred?” (וְכֵן: וַיֹּאמֶר בְּלִבּוֹ הַלְּבֶן מֵאַה שָׁנָה).

So too here (אוּף הָכָא נָמֵי): I will insert the thought into their hearts (אַכְנִיס מַחֲשַׁבְתָּא בְּלִבְּהוֹן), that they said: “He is greater and mightier than we” (דְּאָמְרוּ: רַב וְעָצוּם מִמֶּנּוּ). What is “than we” (מַאי: מִמֶּנּוּ)? Their intention was toward their own ministering angel (רְצוֹנוֹ לֵאמַר: מְמָנָא דִּילְהוֹן), they said in their hearts that the awe and strength of Yisrael’s minister was greater and stronger than their own ruler (אִינּוּן אָמְרוּ בְּלִבַּיְיהוּ: דְּחֵילָא וּתְּקִיפָּא דִּילְּהוֹן רַבְרְבָא וְתַקִּיפָּא מִמֶּנּוּ מִשֻּׁלְטָנָא דִּילְהוֹן).

Rabbi Yitzḥak said: All the nations of the world draw their strength from their respective ministering angels (ר׳ יִצְחָק אָמַר: כָּל אוּמִין דְּעָלְמָא מַשְׁכִּין תּוּקְפָּא מִשָּׂרֵיהוֹן), but Yisrael draw their strength directly from Kudsha Berikh Hu (וְיִשְׂרָאֵל נַגְדִּין חֵילֵיהוֹן מִקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא). And they are called the people of Hashem (וְאִינּוּן אִתְקְרוּן: עַמָּא דַּייָ), and not the people of a ministering angel (וְלָא עַמָּא דְּשֻׁלְטָנַיָּא).

Rabbi Yehudah said: Here they are called “His people,” as it is written: “And he said to his people” (ר׳ יְהוּדָה אָמַר: הָכָא אִתְקְרוּן עַמּוֹ, דִּכְתִּיב: וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל עַמּוֹ). But there it is written (Exodus 3) “I have surely seen the affliction of My people” (וְהָתָם כְּתִיב: רָאֹה רָאִיתִי אֶת עֳנִי עַמִּי) My people in truth (עַמִּי מַמָּשׁ). Yisrael are called “the people of Hashem” (יִשְׂרָאֵל אִקְרוּן: עַם יי), and the other nations are called “the people of their ruling angel” (וּשְׁאָר אוּמִין אִקְרוּן: עַמּוֹ דְּשֻׁלְטָנָא דִּילְהוֹן), as it is written (Micah 4) “For all the nations shall walk each in the name of his god, but we will walk in the Name of Hashem our God forever and ever” (דִּכְתִּיב: כִּי כָל הָעַמִּים יֵלְכוּ אִישׁ בְּשֵׁם אֱלֹהָיו וַאֲנַחְנוּ נֵלֵךְ בְּשֵׁם יי אֱלֹהֵינוּ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד).

Notes

  1. Sulam: “Rabbi Yehudah opened, and so forth” (רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פָּתַח וְכוּ׳): “Rabbi Yehudah opened” (ר״י פָּתַח), “‘under three things the earth trembles,’ and so forth” (תַּחַת שָׁלֹשׁ רָגְזָה הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳). “‘Under a servant when he reigns’” (תַּחַת עֶבֶד כִּי יִמְלֹךְ), “for we have learned, there is no nation lowly and despised and contemptible before the Holy One Blessed be He like the Egyptians” (כִּי לָמַדְנוּ אֵין לְךָ אוּמָּה שְׁפָלָה וְנִקְלָה וְנִבְזֶה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּמוֹ הַמִּצְרִים), “and the Holy One Blessed be He gave them dominion for the sake of Israel” (וְנָתַן לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֶמְשָׁלָה בִּשְׁבִיל יִשְׂרָאֵל). “‘And a maidservant when she inherits her mistress’” (וְשִׁפְחָה כִּי תִירַשׁ גְּבִרְתָּהּ), “this is Hagar” (זוֹ הָגָר), “who bore Yishmael” (שֶׁהוֹלִידָה אֶת יִשְׁמָעֵאל), “who did many evils to Israel” (שֶׁעָשָׂה כַּמָּה רָעוֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל), “and ruled over them” (וּמָשַׁל בָּהֶם), “and afflicted them with all kinds of afflictions” (וְעִנָּה אוֹתָם בְּכָל מִינֵי עִנּוּיִים), “and decreed upon them many persecutions” (וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶם כַּמָּה שְׁמָדוֹת), “and until today they dominate over them” (וְעַד הַיּוֹם הֵם מִשְׁתַּלְּטִים עֲלֵיהֶם), “and do not allow them to stand in their religion” (וְאֵינָם מַנִּיחִים אוֹתָם לַעֲמֹד בְּדָתָם). “And there is no exile as difficult for Israel as the exile of Yishmael” (וְאֵין לְךָ גָּלוּת קָשָׁה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמוֹ גָּלוּת יִשְׁמָעֵאל).

  2. Ohr HaChammah on Zohar: “‘Ramin’ — explanation: supernal ones above” (רָמִין פֵּירוּשׁ עֶלְיוֹנִים עֶלְיוֹנִים), “a matter corresponding to the supernal ones” (דָּבָר כְּנֶגֶד הָעֶלְיוֹנִים), “and they established His decree” (וְקִיְּימוּ גְזֵרָתוֹ), “and they are those who rule over the world in order to perform a miracle outside of nature” (וְהֵם הַשּׁוֹלְטִים עַל הָעוֹלָם כְּדֵי לַעֲשׂוֹת נֵס חוּץ מִן הַטֶּבַע). “Two thousand years, as in the matter of ‘they eat all four,’ which is the fourth thousand” (אַלְפַּיִם שָׁנִים כְּעִנְיַן אוֹכְלִים כָּל אַרְבַּע דְּהַיְינוּ אַלְף הָרְבִיעִי), “and in our many sins there were added to them what was added” (וּבַעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ נִתּוֹסְפוּ עֲלֵיהֶם מַה שֶּׁנִּתּוֹסֵף), “because we give them power” (מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָנוּ נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם כֹּחַ), “or by the merit of the covenant of Yishmael, as mentioned in the Zohar” (אוֹ בִּזְכוּת בְּרִית יִשְׁמָעֵאל כַּנִּזְכָּר בַּזֹּהַר). “‘One nation,’ and so forth, as it is said: ‘for a thousand years in Your eyes’” (אוּמָה חֲדָא וְגוֹ׳ כְּאוֹמְרוֹ כִּי אֶלֶף שָׁנִים בְּעֵינֶיךָ). “And the word ‘until,’ according to the first explanation, means until it passes and is completed entirely” (וּמִלַּת עַד לְפֵירוּשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבוֹר וְיִשְׁתַּלֵּם מִכָּל וָכֹל), “because their dominion is a complete day” (מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשְּׁלִיטָתָם יוֹם שָׁלֵם), “as will be explained below, that the Holy One Blessed be He did not diminish from them a dominion of one day, which is a complete day” (כִּדְמְפָרֵשׁ וְאָזִיל שֶׁלֹּא פִחֵת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָהֶם שְׁלִיטָה מִיּוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא יוֹם שָׁלֵם). “And according to the second explanation, ‘until’ means while still within the day, before the sun sets” (וְלְפֵירוּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי עַד בְּעוֹד בְּתוֹךְ הַיּוֹם קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּשְׁקַע שֶׁמֶשׁ), “and this is what is said: before it blows” (וְהַיְינוּ אוֹמֵר קֹדֶם דִּיפוּחַ). “‘I will go to the mountain of myrrh’ — for all of them, the end of the verse is thus explained” (אֵלְךָ לִי אֶל הַר הַמּוֹר לְכוּלְּהוּ פֵּירוּשׁ סִיפֵיהּ דְּקְרָא הָכִי פֵּירוּשׁ), “the Holy One Blessed be He said: I will go to guard” (אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵלְךָ לִי לְנַטְרָא), “from the word ‘to me’ he brings proof for benefit, to remove the enemies” (מִמִּלַּת לִי מֵייתִי רְאָיָה לְתוֹעֶלֶת לְבַעֵר שָׂנְאַי), “‘myrrh and frankincense’ — this is red and white, judgment and mercy” (מֹר וּלְבוֹנָה הָא סוּמָק וְחוּוָר דִּין וְרַחֲמִים), “and therefore they are Malchut and Yesod” (וְלָכֵן הֵם מַלְכוּת וִיסוֹד), “which are Jerusalem and Tzion” (דְּהַיְינוּ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְצִיּוֹן), “and according to the truth, the mountain is male and the hill is female” (וּלְפִי הָאֱמֶת הָהַר זָכָר וְגִבְעָה נְקֵבָה), “and in this inclusion they are transformed one from the other — the mountain of myrrh in Jerusalem, the hill of frankincense in Tzion” (וּבִכְלַל זֶה מִזֶּה יִתְהַפְּכוּ הַר הַמֹּר בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם גִּבְעַת לְבוֹנָה בְּצִיּוֹן), “and this is why he brings proof: ‘the hill of frankincense’ — this is the Temple in Tzion” (וְהַיְינוּ דְּמֵייתִי רְאָיָה גִּבְעַת הַלְּבוֹנָה דָּא בֵּית מִקְדָּשָׁא דִּי בְּצִיּוֹן), “and even though the Temple is female, Tzion is male” (וְעִם הֱיוֹת שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ נְקֵבָה צִיּוֹן זָכָר), “and this is the verse: ‘beautiful in elevation,’ and so forth” (וְהַיְינוּ קְרָא יָפֶה נוֹף וְגוֹ׳). “To one of the wings, between those wings they grasp” (לְאַחַת בְּכַנְפוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אוֹתָם הַכְּנָפַיִם הֵם אוֹחֲזִים), “for the shells grasp only the wings alone, from outside” (שֶׁאֵין הַקְּלִיפּוֹת אוֹחֲזוֹת אֶלָּא בַּכְּנָפַיִם לְבַד מִבַּחוּץ). “Until it is not completed, according to the second explanation explained by Rabbi Yitzḥak” (עַד דְּלָא תִשְׁתַּלֵּם כְּפֵירוּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁפֵּירֵשׁ רַבִּי יִצְחָק). “If more, and so forth — the matter is that the exile was because of the sin of our fathers” (אִי יְתִיר וְגוֹמֵר הָעִנְיָן כִּי הַגָּלוּת הָיָה עַל עֲוֹן אֲבוֹתֵינוּ), “whether in the sin of the calf or in the Temple itself in that generation” (אִם בָּעֵגֶל אִם בַּבַּיִת עַצְמוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר), “and then it was decreed upon Israel one thousand years” (וְאָז נִגְזַר עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלֶף שָׁנָה), “and even if they improve their ways in an intermediate path, the nations merit the thousand years” (וַאֲפִלּוּ יַטִּיבוּ דַרְכָּם בְּדֶרֶךְ בֵּינוֹנִי זָכוּ הָאוּמּוֹת בְּאֶלֶף שָׁנָה), “and about this it is said: ‘if you awaken and if you arouse,’ even by prayer” (וְעָלָיו נֶאֱמַר אִם תָּעִירוּ וְאִם תְּעוֹרְרוּ אֲפִלּוּ בִּתְפִלָּה). “However, from one thousand and onward it depends on repentance” (אָמְנָם מֵאֶלֶף וּלְמַעְלָה תָּלוּי בִּתְשׁוּבָה), “because its delay is due to the sin of that generation itself, who are not worthy of redemption” (מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעִכּוּבוֹ עַל עֲוֹן הַדּוֹר הַהוּא עַצְמוֹ שֶׁאֵינָם זוֹכִים לִגְאֻלָּה), “and therefore the son of David comes either in a generation entirely meritorious, from a thousand years and onward” (וְלָזֶה בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא אוֹ בְּדוֹר שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ זַכַּאי מֵאֶלֶף שָׁנִים וָלְמַעְלָה), “or in a generation entirely guilty at the appointed time” (אוֹ בְּדוֹר שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ חַיָּיב בְּעִתָּהּ הַיְּדוּעָה), “and then Israel will be redeemed, Heaven forbid, with an outpouring wrath” (וְאָז יִגָּאֲלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל חַס וְשָׁלוֹם בְּחֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה), “and there will remain one from a city and two from a family” (וְיִשָּׁאֲרוּ אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָּחָה). “And the proof that there is a time that is not the time of repentance is from the phrase ‘in the latter days’” (וְרְאָיָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ זְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ בִּזְמַן שֶׁבָּא בִּתְשׁוּבָה הוּא מִלְּשׁוֹן הַיָּמִים), “from which it follows that if not in the latter, even if they repent their repentance will not be accepted” (מִכְּלָל שֶׁאִם אֵינוֹ בְּאַחֲרִית אַף אִם יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא תִּתְקַבֵּל תְּשׁוּבָתָם). “However, in the latter days, ‘and you shall return,’ and so forth” (אָמְנָם בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים וְשַׁבְתָּ וְגוֹמֵר), “and then ‘if your outcasts be,’ and so forth” (וְאָז אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲךָ וְגוֹמֵר). “And now, there is no doubt that there is a time beyond which it will not extend” (וְעַתָּה אֵין סָפֵק שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עֵת שֶׁלֹּא יוֹסִיף), “and these are the times explained above” (וְהֵם הַזְּמַנִּים שֶׁפֵּירֵשׁ לְעֵיל), “and the completion of the time of the latter days is in the year eight hundred and twenty-eight of the fifth millennium” (וְתִשְׁלוּם זְמַן אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים הוּא בִּשְׁנַת שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת וּשְׁמוֹנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים לְאַלֶף הַחֲמִישִׁי), “and from then until now the exile has continued because of the sin of the generations who do not return” (וּמִשָּׁם וְעַד עַתָּה נִמְשַׁךְ הַגָּלוּת בַּעֲוֹן הַדּוֹרוֹת שֶׁאֵינָם שָׁבִים), “and it will not continue except until Tiferet of the sixth millennium for the resurrection of the dead” (וְלֹא יִמָּשֵׁךְ אֶלָּא עַד תִּפְאֶרֶת לְאַלֶף הַשִּׁשִּׁי לִתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים), “and the redemption will precede whatever it precedes” (וְיִקְדַּם הַגְּאֻלָּה מַה שֶּׁיִּקְדַּם), “and whoever is found at that time without repentance — woe to his evil fortune, for his existence will be nullified” (וּמִי שֶׁיִּמָּצֵא בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בְּלִי תְשׁוּבָה אוֹי לְרוֹעַ מַזָּלוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבַּטֵּל הֲוָיָתוֹ). “These are the words of the Ramak, of blessed memory” (הָרַמַ״ק זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה).

  3. Sulam: “Rabbi Yehoshua was, and so forth” (רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ הֲוָה וְכוּ׳): “Rabbi Yehoshua was going up to Jerusalem” (ר״י הָיָה עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם), “and he was walking on the road” (וְהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ), “he saw an Arab who was walking on the road, and his son was with him” (רָאָה עַרְבִי אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ וּבְנוֹ עִמּוֹ). “They encountered a certain Jew” (פָּגְעוּ בְּיְהוּדִי אֶחָד). “The Arab said to his son” (אָמַר הָעַרְבִּי לִבְנוֹ), “this defiled Jew whom his Master has despised” (יְהוּדִי מְגוֹאָל זֶה שֶׁמָּאַס בּוֹ אֲדוֹנוֹ), “he dirtied him and spat in his beard seven times” (לִכְלֵךְ אוֹתוֹ וְרָקַק בִּזְקָנוֹ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים), “for he is from the seed of the supernal ones, that is, from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob” (שֶׁהוּא מִזֶּרַע עֶלְיוֹנִים דְּהַיְינוּ מֵאַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב), “and I know that seventy nations subjugate them” (וַאֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁשִּׁבְעִים אוּמּוֹת מְשַׁעְבְּדִים בָּהֶם). “His son went and seized the beard of the Jew” (הָלַךְ בְּנוֹ וְאָחַז בִּזְקָנוֹ שֶׁל הַיְּהוּדִי). “Rabbi Yehoshua said: ‘Supernal ones, supernal ones’” (אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עֶלְיוֹנִים עֶלְיוֹנִים), “that is, he prayed in the merit of the Patriarchs” (דְּהַיְינוּ שֶׁהִתְפַּלֵּל בִּזְכוּת אָבוֹת), “I decree upon the supernal ones” (גוֹזֵר אֲנִי עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנִים), “that is, upon the Arab and his son, who hold themselves as superior over the Jews” (הַיְינוּ עַל הָעַרְבִּי וּבְנוֹ שֶׁמַּחֲזִיקִים עַצְמָם עֶלְיוֹנִים עַל הַיְּהוּדִים), “that they should descend below” (שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ לְמַטָּה). “Before Rabbi Yehoshua finished his words” (עַד לֹא גָּמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּבָרָיו), “they were swallowed in their place into the earth” (נִבְלְעוּ בִּמְקוֹמָם בְּתוֹךְ הָאֲדָמָה).